sâmbătă, 18 iunie 2011

After Combat, the Unexpected Perils of Coming Home

Pvt. Johnnie Stevenson cleaned his truck one last time, scraping off the barnacle-like mud and pulling crushed water bottles from under seats. But deployment to Afghanistan was almost over, and his thoughts drifted elsewhere. Was his pregnant fiancée ready to be a mother? Facebook provided so few clues. Nor could it answer him this: Was he ready to be a father?
A Year at War

The End of the Mission

This is the last in a series of articles chronicling the yearlong deployment of the First Battalion, 87th Infantry Regiment, Afghanistan. The series followed the battalion's part in the surge in northern Afghanistan and the impact of war on individual soldiers and their families back home.
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Damon Winter/The New York Times

THE FIRST OF MANY STEPS
Soldiers from the First Battalion, 87th Infantry, boarding a transport helicopter in Afghanistan. It took a month to get the battalion's nearly 800 soldiers home, moving them the 6,500 miles from Kunduz through Mazar-i-Sharif and Kyrgyzstan to Watertown, N.Y.
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Capt. Adrian Bonenberger made plans for his final patrol to Imam Sahib. But inside, he was sweating the details of a different mission: going home. Which soldiers would drive drunk, get into fights or struggle with emotional demons, he wondered. What would it take to keep them safe in America?

Sgt. Brian Keith boarded the plane home feeling a strange dread. His wife wanted a divorce and had moved away, taking their son and most of their bank account with her. At the end of his flight lay an empty apartment and the blank slate of a new life.

“A lot of people were excited about coming home,” Sergeant Keith said. “Me, I just sat there and I wondered: What am I coming back to?”

For a year, they had navigated minefields and ducked bullets, endured tedium inside barbed-wired outposts and stitched together the frayed seams of long-distance relationships. One would think that going home would be the easiest thing troops could do.

But it is not so simple. The final weeks in a war zone are often the most dangerous, as weary troops get sloppy or unfocused. Once they arrive home, alcohol abuse, traffic accidents and other measures of mayhem typically rise as they blow off steam.

Weeks later, as the joy of return subsides, deep-seated emotional or psychological problems can begin to show. The sleeplessness, anxiety and irritability of post-traumatic stress disorder, for instance, often take months to emerge as combat veterans confront the tensions of home and the recurring memories of war.

In their new normal, troops must reconnect with children, adjust to more independent spouses and dial back the hypervigilance that served them well in combat — but that can alienate them from civilians.

“The hardest part for me is, I guess, not being on edge,” said Staff Sgt. Francisco Narewski, a father of three who just completed his second deployment. “I feel like I need to do something, like I need to go on mission or I need to check my soldiers. And I’m not.”

For the First Battalion, 87th Infantry out of Fort Drum, N.Y., which recently finished a yearlong tour, leaving Afghanistan proved as deadly as fighting in Afghanistan. In the first 11 months of deployment, the battalion lost two soldiers, both to roadside bombs. During the next month, it lost two more, neither in combat.

On March 9, the day before he was scheduled to leave Kunduz, Specialist Andrew P. Wade, 22, was accidentally shot and killed by a friend who was practicing a drill with his 9-millimeter pistol inside their tent.

Three weeks later, Specialist Jeremiah Pulaski, who had returned from Afghanistan in February, was shot and killed by a police officer after he shot and wounded a man outside a bar in Arizona. He was 24.

Both soldiers were considered among the best in the battalion. Specialist Wade, a whiz with a soccer ball, was a member of the elite scouts platoon and on a fast track to promotion. Specialist Pulaski could be quick to use his fists in an argument but was revered for his fearlessness on the battlefield.

Specialist Pulaski was awarded a Bronze Star with Valor for dashing across an open field during an ambush in December, drawing enemy fire away from his platoon. Later that same day, he killed several insurgents as they were trying to ambush his unit near a village called Haruti.

Captain Bonenberger, Specialist Pulaski’s company commander, said the soldier saved his life twice that day — and it gnawed at him that he had been unable to return the favor.

Japan Strains to Fix a Reactor Damaged Before Quake

TSURUGA, Japan — Three hundred miles southwest of Fukushima, at a nuclear reactor perched on the slopes of this rustic peninsula, engineers are engaged in another precarious struggle.
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Monju is 60 miles from Kyoto, a city of 1.5 million people.

The Monju prototype fast-breeder reactor — a long-troubled national project — has been in a precarious state of shutdown since a 3.3-ton device crashed into the reactor’s inner vessel, cutting off access to the plutonium and uranium fuel rods at its core.

Engineers have tried repeatedly since the accident last August to recover the device, which appears to have gotten stuck. They will make another attempt as early as next week.

But critics warn that the recovery process is fraught with dangers because the plant uses large quantities of liquid sodium, a highly flammable substance, to cool the nuclear fuel.

The Monju reactor, which forms the cornerstone of a national project by resource-poor Japan to reuse and eventually produce nuclear fuel, shows the tensions between the scale of Japan’s nuclear ambitions and the risks.

The plant, a $12 billion project, has a history of safety lapses. It was shuttered for 14 years after a devastating fire in 1995, one of Japan’s most serious nuclear accidents before this year’s crisis at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station. Prefecture and city officials found that the operator had tampered with video images of the fire to hide the scale of the disaster. A top manager at the plant recently committed suicide, on the day that Japan’s atomic energy agency announced that efforts to recover the device would cost almost $21.9 million. And, like several other reactors, Monju lies on an active fault.

Even if the device can be removed, restarting the reactor will be risky, given its safety record and its use of highly toxic plutonium as fuel, said Hideyuki Ban, co-director of the Citizens’ Nuclear Information Center, a watchdog group, and a member of an advisory government committee on Japan’s long-term nuclear energy policy. The plant is 60 miles from Kyoto, a city of 1.5 million people, and the fast-breeder design of the reactor makes it more prone to Chernobyl-type runaway reactions in the case of a severe accident, critics say.

“Let’s say they make this fix, which is very complicated,” Mr. Ban said. “The rest of the reactor remains highly dangerous. And an accident at Monju would have catastrophic consequences beyond what we are seeing at Fukushima.”

Japan badly needs sources of energy. By closing the loop on its nuclear fuel cycle, Japan aims to reuse, recycle and produce fresh fuel for its 54 reactors.

“Monju is a vital national asset,” said Noritomo Narita, a spokesman here in Tsuruga for the reactor’s operator, the government-backed Japan Atomic Energy Agency. “In a country so poor in resources, such as Japan, the efficient use of nuclear fuel is our national policy, and our mission.”

Critics have been fighting the project since its inception in the 1970s. “It’s Japan’s most dangerous reactor,” said Miwako Ogiso, secretary general of the Council of the People of Fukui Prefecture Against Nuclear Power. “It’s Japan’s most nonsensical reactor.”

After promises of safety upgrades, as well as lavish subsidies and public works, the government has wooed local officials into allowing a restart of the reactor. In Fukui, the government had ready allies: with 14 nuclear reactors, it is Japan’s most nuclear-friendly prefecture. (Fukushima, in second place, has 10 reactors.)

Monju was reopened in May 2010, and just three months later, the 3.3-ton fuel relay device fell into the pressure vessel when a loose clutch gave way. In the two decades since the reactor started tests in 1991, the atomic energy agency has managed to generate electricity at the reactor only for one full hour.

In Monju, Japan is pursuing a technology that most countries have long abandoned. Decades ago, a handful of countries, including the United States, started exploring similar programs. But severe technical difficulties, as well as fears about the weapons-grade plutonium that the cycle eventually produces, have led most countries to scrap their programs.

But Japan has remained staunchly committed to the Monju project. The government of Prime Minister Naoto Kan has shielded it from the deep cuts in spending that it has required of other national projects since it came to power in September 2009.

Under a government plan, Japan would use technology developed at Monju to commercialize fast-breeder reactors by 2050.

Mr. Kan has recently hinted at an overhaul of Japan’s nuclear policy, though he has not commented specifically on the fate of the Monju reactor.

Greece Replaces Finance Minister

ATHENS — After a week of social and political turmoil, and under mounting pressure to push through new austerity measures, Prime Minister George Papandreou named a new finance minster on Friday as part of a broad cabinet reshuffle aimed at restoring confidence among Greeks and foreign creditors.
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Worries Grow About Breadth of Debt Crisis (June 17, 2011)

Evangelos Venizelos, the former defense minister, replaced Finance Minister George Papaconstantinou, who has been the highly visible face of the government’s austerity drive.

Mr. Venizelos, 54, said at an afternoon press conference that he was ready to undertake the “historic challenge” of helping Greece to overcome its debt crisis. “I am leaving defense to go where the real battle is,” he said. In a speech to his new cabinet, Mr. Papandreou tried to rein in dissent and make clear how much was at stake, warning that the country’s debt burden “threatens to destroy us and wreck the lives of millions of Greeks.”

“We have a lot of hard work to do as a government before we are assessed by citizens in elections in 2013,” he added, referring to the year that the Socialists’ four-year term is due to expire and thus a clear indication that he had decided against a snap election.

The government is under pressure to push through budget cuts and tax increases in order to secure the next installment of a $155 billion rescue package pledged by the European Union and the International Monetary Fund and to qualify for a second bailout believed to be necessary to keep the country solvent.

But critics said that the reshuffle was a cosmetic, not structural, change. Yanis Varoufakis, a political economist at the University of Athens, told Skai television that “not even God almighty” as finance minister could change the dire situation.

Greeks increasingly feel they are unfairly suffering for mistakes made by their leaders and banks and have staged labor strikes and three weeks of daily protests to express their outrage. This week, Mr. Papandreou has contended with two defections from within his own Socialist Party and growing dissent. After the reshuffle, a confidence vote in the new government was expected on Tuesday night.

Mr. Venizelos, a respected professor of constitutional law at Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, in northern Greece, now faces the task of pushing through the hugely unpopular austerity program. A rival of Mr. Papandreou, he has held other ministerial portfolios over the years including culture and development, and challenged Mr. Papandreou for the leadership of the Socialist Party, known as Pasok, in 2007. Though he lost the leadership race, Mr. Papandreou has continued to rely heavily on him.

The new cabinet was met with criticism from other political parties. The main conservative opposition, New Democracy, said the removal of Mr. Papaconstantinou as finance minister amounted to “an admission of the failure of the government’s economic policy.” A spokesman for New Democracy, Yiannis Michelakis, accused the government of “rustling up a new administration to enforce the same erroneous policies.” Syriza, a coalition of leftist parties, said nothing could prevent the collapse of Mr. Papandreou’s beleaguered administration, and the Communists described the new cabinet as “dangerous.”

Mr. Venizelos said the government would continue to work for consensus with the parties that have opposed its austerity program. “We are open to ideas and dialogue but will not diverge from our fiscal targets,” he said. “The country must be saved and will be saved but we must work together, all Greeks together,’ he said.

Speaking at the same press conference, Mr. Papaconstantinou said he was “extremely happy” to be handing over the task of reviving the economy to a colleague with “experience and dedication.” While he acknowledged making mistakes during his term as finance minister, Mr. Papaconstantinou said the government’s actions had helped to avert a worse fate.

“We had reached the brink of disaster, and we managed to keep the country on its feet, and put into motion a series of important economic reforms,” he said. As evidence, he cited a crackdown on tax evasion, which has seen limited success, as well as the launch of a drive to privatize state assets. Greece, he noted, managed to reduce its budget deficit last year by 5 percent of gross domestic product, an unprecedented achievement for a euro-zone country.

Elias Mossialos, a professor of health policy at the London School of Economics who was appointed as the new government spokesman, replacing George Petalotis, told Net television, a state channel, that the priority now was “to restore the stability of the Greek economy.” He also said that “negotiations were under way” with Greece’s creditors regarding the terms of the bailout, but did not state explicitly that the country would seek changes to the existing agreement.

The Finance Ministry was initially offered to Lucas Papademos, a Columbia-educated economist who served as vice president of the European Central Bank from 2002 to 2010, but he turned it down.

Mr. Venizelos will also become a second deputy prime minister. Mr. Papandreou already has another Socialist veteran, Theodoros Pangalos, 73, as his first deputy.

Mr. Papaconstantinou, 50, the chief architect of the Greek government’s austerity drive, was named environment minister, a clear demotion.

Other key moves include the ousting of Dimitris Droutsas, 43, as foreign minister. He was replaced by Stavros Lambrinidis, a Yale-educated lawyer. Mr. Droutsas is broadly regarded by observers as having fallen short of the demands of a difficult portfolio.

Another victim of the reshuffle was Labor Minister Louka Katseli, 59, one of the most controversial figures in Mr. Papandreou’s cabinet. The Princeton-educated economist had repeatedly clashed with Greece’s foreign creditors on several proposed economic reforms including amending labor contracts that protect the rights of workers in the private sector. She was replaced by her deputy, Yiannis Koutroumanis.
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Source -  The New York Times

ING selling US online bank to Capital One

US bank Capital One is to buy Dutch firm ING’s online banking operations in the United States for the equivalent of 6.3 billion euros in cash and stock.

The sale will help ING, a Dutch banking and insurance conglomerate in the middle of a breakup, repay the remainder of the money it owes to the Dutch government for a 2008 bailout.

It is the latest move in Capital One’s transformation from a credit card company into a major consumer bank.

ING Direct USA is the 20th-largest US bank and taking over its assets would bump Capital One up two places in the bank rankings to make it the country’s seventh-largest lender by assets, according to SNL Financial, a financial services data firm.

ING has been restructuring since receiving a 10 billion euro bailout from the Dutch government in 2008. The European Commission and ING agreed on a restructuring plan in late 2009. The most surprising part of the plan was a mandate that ING sell its US online banking operations.

Last month ING paid three billion euros to the Dutch state, which included a 50 percent premium, and said at the time that it would repay the remaining three billion euros by May 2012. But with the proceeds from selling its US unit, ING could repay the remainder much sooner.

Early repayment is an important step for the company: once it is free of state restrictions, a European ban on acquisitions will be lifted and ING will have more pricing flexibility, allowing it to better compete.

Copyright © 2011 euronews

sâmbătă, 26 martie 2011

Radioactivity rises in seawater near Japan’s Fukushima Daiichi nuclear plant

TOKYO — Radioactivity levels soared in the seawater outside the troubled Fukushima Daiichi nuclear plant, safety officials reported Saturday, igniting fresh concerns about the spread of highly radioactive material and the risks involved in completing an already dangerous job.



Samples taken 360 yards offshore from the plant Friday showed radioactive iodine levels 1,250 times the legal safety limit. Earlier in the week, the levels of iodine-131 in the water had been closer to 100 times the limit.
As of Saturday, some signs of progress were evident at the plant: Fresh water was being pumped in to cool the first three nuclear reactors, rather than seawater, which can ultimately impair the cooling process. And the lights were turned on in the control room of the second reactor.
But work was slowed as the Tokyo Electric Power Co., which owns and operates the plant, turned its attention to cleaning up stagnant, highly contaminated water found in turbine rooms outside the reactors.
“This is currently one of our largest problems,” said Hidehiko Nishiyama, deputy director general of the government’s Nuclear and Industrial Safety Agency, at a news conference Saturday night.